What Is an Option?

An option is a financial contract that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a stock at a specific price before a specific date.

What an Option Is

There are two types of options:

Call Option → Right to buy a stock at a set price.

Put Option → Right to sell a stock at a set price.

Why Options Exist

Options allow traders to:

  • Reduce risk (hedging)
  • Generate income
  • Speculate on price movement with limited capital
  • Leverage capital (control 100 shares with 1 contract)

Basic Terminology

Contract → Controls 100 shares.

Premium → Price you pay or receive for an option.

Strike Price → The fixed price you can buy/sell the stock.

Expiration Date → Last day the contract is valid.